Installation instructions

Installing a pre-built package

Installing via conda

The conda-forge channel provides pre-built CVXOPT packages for Linux, macOS, and Windows that can be installed using conda:

conda install -c conda-forge cvxopt

These pre-built packages are linked against OpenBLAS and include all the optional extensions (DSDP, FFTW, GLPK, and GSL).

Installing via pip

A pre-built binary wheel package can be installed using pip:

pip install cvxopt

Wheels for Linux:

are available for Python 3.7-3.11
are linked against OpenBLAS
include all optional extensions (DSDP, GLPK, GSL, and FFTW)

Wheels for macOS:

are available for Python 3.7-3.11
are linked against OpenBLAS
include all optional extensions (DSDP, GLPK, GSL, and FFTW)

Wheels for Windows:

are available for Python 3.8-3.11 (64 bit)
are linked against OpenBLAS
include the optional extension GLPK

Building and installing from source

Required and optional software

The package requires version 3.x of Python, and building from source requires core binaries and header files and libraries for Python.

The installation requires BLAS and LAPACK. Using an architecture optimized implementation such as ATLAS, OpenBLAS, or MKL is recommended and gives a large performance improvement over reference implementations of the BLAS and LAPACK libraries.

The installation also requires SuiteSparse. We recommend linking against a shared SuiteSparse library. It is also possible to build the required components of SuiteSparse when building CVXOPT, but this requires the SuiteSparse source which is no longer included with CVXOPT and must be downloaded separately.

The following software libraries are optional.

The GNU Scientific Library GSL.
FFTW is a C library for discrete Fourier transforms.
GLPK is a linear programming package.
MOSEK version 9 is a commercial library of convex optimization solvers.
DSDP5.8 is a semidefinite programming solver.

Installation

CVXOPT can be installed globally (for all users on a UNIX/Linux system) using the command:

python setup.py install

It can also be installed locally (for a single user) using the command:

python setup.py install --user

To test that the installation was successful, run the included tests using:

python -m unittest discover -s tests

or alternatively, if pytest is installed:

pytest

If Python does not issue an error message, the installation was successful.

It is also possible to install CVXOPT from source using pip:

pip install cvxopt --no-binary cvxopt

Additional information can be found in the Python documentation.

Customizing the setup script

If needed, the default compilation can be customized by editing setup.py or by means of environment variables. The following variables in the setup script can be modified:

BLAS_LIB_DIR: the directory containing the LAPACK and BLAS libraries.
BUILD_GSL: set this variable to 1 if you would like to use the GSL random number generators for constructing random matrices in CVXOPT. If BULD_GSL is 0, the Python random number generators will be used instead.
GSL_LIB_DIR: the directory containing libgsl.
GSL_INC_DIR: the directory containing the GSL header files.
BUILD_FFTW: set this variable to 1 to install the cvxopt.fftw module, which is an interface to FFTW.
FFTW_LIB_DIR: the directory containing libfftw3.
FFTW_INC_DIR: the directory containing fftw.h.
BUILD_GLPK: set this variable to 1 to enable support for the linear programming solver GLPK.
GLPK_LIB_DIR: the directory containing libglpk.
GLPK_INC_DIR: the directory containing glpk.h.
BUILD_DSDP: set this variable to 1 to enable support for the semidefinite programming solver DSDP.
DSDP_LIB_DIR: the directory containing libdsdp.
DSDP_INC_DIR: the directory containing dsdp5.h.
SUITESPARSE_LIB_DIR: the directory containing SuiteSparse libraries.
SUITESPARSE_INC_DIR: the directory containing SuiteSparse header files.
SUITESPARSE_SRC_DIR: the directory containing SuiteSparse source. The variables SUITESPARSE_LIB_DIR and SUITESPARSE_INC_DIR are ignored and relevant parts of SuiteSparse are build from source when SUITESPARSE_SRC_DIR is specified.
MSVC: set this variable to 1 if compiling with MSVC 14 or later

Each of the variables can be overridden by specifying an environment variable with the prefix CVXOPT_. For example, the following command installs CVXOPT locally with BUILD_FFTW=1:

CVXOPT_BUILD_FFTW=1 python setup.py install --user

This approach also works with pip:

export CVXOPT_BUILD_FFTW=1
pip install cvxopt --no-binary cvxopt

Support for the linear, second-order cone, and quadratic programming solvers in MOSEK is automatically enabled if both MOSEK and its Python interface are installed.

Ubuntu/Debian

Building CVXOPT from source in Debian/Ubuntu requires the packages build-essential and python-dev as well as BLAS and LAPACK library packages such as

libopenblas-dev
libatlas-dev
libblas-dev and liblapack-dev

If multiple BLAS and LAPACK libraries have been installed, you can verify the current configuration using the following commands:

update-alternatives --config libblas.so.3
update-alternatives --config liblapack.so.3

macOS

Building CVXOPT from source in macOS requires the Command-line tools which can be installed using the command:

xcode-select -p

With Homebrew

Homebrew users can build CVXOPT with FFTW, GLPK, and GSL as follows:

brew install gsl fftw suite-sparse glpk
git clone https://github.com/cvxopt/cvxopt.git
cd cvxopt
git checkout `git describe --abbrev=0 --tags`
export CVXOPT_BUILD_FFTW=1    # optional
export CVXOPT_BUILD_GLPK=1    # optional
export CVXOPT_BUILD_GSL=1     # optional
python setup.py install

To use OpenBLAS instead of the built-in BLAS/LAPACK libraries, include the following commands before running python setup.py install:

brew install openblas
export CVXOPT_BLAS_LIB_DIR=/usr/local/opt/openblas/lib
export CVXOPT_BLAS_LIB=openblas
export CVXOPT_LAPACK_LIB=openblas

Alternatively, to use the Intel MKL library, include the following commands before running python setup.py install:

pip install mkl
MKLLIB=mkl_rt
PYDIR=`pip show mkl | grep Location | cut -d' ' -f 2`
MKLDIR=`grep lib${MKLLIB} $PYDIR/mkl*/RECORD | cut -d, -f1`
PREFIX_LIB=`dirname $PYDIR/$MKLDIR`
if [[ $OSTYPE == darwin* ]]; then
    install_name_tool -change @rpath/libiomp5.dylib @loader_path/libiomp5.dylib ${PREFIX_LIB}/libmkl_intel_thread.dylib
fi
export CVXOPT_LAPACK_LIB=${MKLLIB}
export CVXOPT_BLAS_LIB=${MKLLIB}
export CVXOPT_BLAS_LIB_DIR=${PREFIX_LIB}
export CVXOPT_BLAS_EXTRA_LINK_ARGS="-L${PREFIX_LIB};-Wl,-rpath,${PREFIX_LIB};-l${MKLLIB}"
pip install git+https://github.com/cvxopt/cvxopt

Without Homebrew

If SuiteSparse is not available as a dynamic library, the necessary SuiteSparse components can be built with CVXOPT by downloading the SuiteSparse source and setting CVXOPT_SUITESPARSE_SRC_DIR to the SuiteSparse source directory:

git clone https://github.com/DrTimothyAldenDavis/SuiteSparse.git
pushd SuiteSparse
git checkout v5.6.0
popd
export CVXOPT_SUITESPARSE_SRC_DIR=$(pwd)/SuiteSparse
git clone https://github.com/cvxopt/cvxopt.git
cd cvxopt
git checkout `git describe --abbrev=0 --tags`
python setup.py install

Windows

We will assume that Python (64 bit), git, wget, and 7-zip are installed and in the search path. These can be installed with the Chocolatey package manager:

choco install -y wget git python2 7zip.commandline

We also will assume that the environment variable %PYTHON% contains the path to the Python installation directory, e.g.,

set PYTHON=c:\PythonXX

or alternatively,

for /f %i in ('python -c "import sys, os; print(os.path.dirname(sys.executable))"') do set PYTHON=%i

where % must be replaced by %% if the above line is included in a batch file.

Finally, we will assume that pip is available; if it is not, it can now be installed with easy_install:

%PYTHON%\Scripts\easy_install pip

Python 3.5+

CVXOPT 1.2.0+ can be built for Windows (64 bit) with MSVC14 and OpenBLAS.

The following example shows how to build/install CVXOPT for x64:

rem Download SuiteSparse source
git clone https://github.com/DrTimothyAldenDavis/SuiteSparse.git
cd SuiteSparse
git checkout v5.8.1
cd ..
set CVXOPT_SUITESPARSE_SRC_DIR="%cd%\SuiteSparse"

rem Download OpenBLAS
wget https://github.com/xianyi/OpenBLAS/releases/download/v0.3.10/OpenBLAS-0.3.10-x64.zip
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xianyi/OpenBLAS/v0.3.10/LICENSE -O LICENSE_OpenBLAS-0.3.10
mkdir OpenBLAS
unzip OpenBLAS-0.3.10-x64.zip -d OpenBLAS
set CVXOPT_BLAS_LIB_DIR="%cd%\OpenBLAS\lib"
set CVXOPT_BLAS_LIB=openblas
set CVXOPT_LAPACK_LIB=openblas

rem Clone CVXOPT repository, compile, install, and run tests
git clone https://github.com/cvxopt/cvxopt.git
cd cvxopt
for /f %%a in ('git describe --abbrev^=0 --tags') do git checkout %%a
set CVXOPT_MSVC=1
python setup.py build --compiler=msvc
python setup.py install
python -m unittest discover -s tests